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Evolution Korea The democratic system in South Korea is vulnerable to populist impulses. However, it is more stable than what one might expect. The country is searching for a new way of developing. look at here , which stresses respect for ancestors and as well as gendered family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. However, there are signs that a secular culture is emerging. Origins In the early days the ancestors of today's Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and created furs. These people formed tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also established an industry of metalworking, making bronze tools, and later iron tools. They traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan, as well as art styles as well as a written language and paper making. Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian philosophy. In this period, the people of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy with the monarch and top officials were members of the aristocracy of the land, while the majority of the population was peasants. The state extracted taxes from the citizens and often required them to join the army or work on projects of the government, like building fortifications. Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje towards the end of the period. The new kingdom expanded its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas in its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and made the male-centered concept of filiopiety into a doctrine. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families. They must be obedient to everyone and respected by their children and grandchildren. Goryeo, a country which ruled from 918 until 1392 CE, gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based upon the shapes created by the mouth when pronouncing. This dramatically improved the communication between people and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. In 1145 CE the Samguk Sagi, or “History of the Three Kingdoms” was the first to be recorded. The evolution of Korea The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form of cist graves paved with stone, and decorated with precious objects like amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, built from huge single stones, are also prevalent throughout the country. In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognizable political state. The peninsula was later controlled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) which included Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern region of the peninsula was for a while occupied by the Balhae Kingdom, which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state. After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje, the most powerful of these states was diminished by the fall of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria, and its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, thrived for a while. The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to work together in order to expand their territory. In the final phase, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE. As Korea enters a post-crisis era its development model appears to be in flux. The people who are awed by the huge cost of the old systems support a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor and markets for products. On the other hand those who support the old system want to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and exaggerating fears about job losses. look at here and policy analysts remain starkly divided as to the extent to the extent that these two trends are driving Koreas shift towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article reviews developments to date by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development including democratic illiberalism (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also identifies key factors that are the driving force behind these developments. Creationism in Korea In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their beliefs to this population. A survey from 2009 showed that nearly a third of respondents were against evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated there was not enough scientific evidence to support the theory 39% of respondents said it contradicted their religious beliefs. 17% said they did not comprehend it. This level of disbelief is similar to the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier types of life. In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was focused on the education of students and the introduction of Christ to them. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. This event attracted a huge number of church leaders and scientists. The success of the event led to the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31 of 1980. The inauguration event was widely reported in national newspapers, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also was well-received by the public. KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, which published its activities and also published articles on the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of film strips and slides from ICR and also some books on creationism which were published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures at universities and churches throughout the country. One example of one KACR success story was at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and got support to build a small creationist museum on campus. In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. This magazine covers topics that pertain to the science of creation. It also sponsored a series lectures by ICR staff. It has also established local branches that conduct seminars and provide talks to school children and other community groups. The evolution of South Korea In the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized lifestyle. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements imported from abroad. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. During this period the samulnori, or masked dancing-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed with the accompaniment of shaman drums and different musical instruments. Korea's new model of development is being developed in the wake of the economic crisis. The new regime's main challenge lies in the proper balance between state-led economic policies as well as market-based ones. It also requires a change in the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining strategies that have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4. Established by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other regions, as well as people from northern China. Baekje, one of the major regional powers in the early 4th Century expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. As a result, it was in frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border. The decline of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries enabled strong local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He was a rival to Goguryeo. His rule was however short-lived. After Gungye's defeat, he was overthrown by a powerful local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully integrated into Goryeo as an heir state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the end to the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.